Piles (Hemorrhoids): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus. They can cause discomfort, pain, itching, and bleeding.

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Types of Piles

1. Internal Hemorrhoids – Located inside the rectum; usually painless but may cause bleeding.

1. External Hemorrhoids – Found under the skin around the anus; can be painful, itchy, and swollen.

1. Thrombosed Hemorrhoids – A blood clot forms inside an external hemorrhoid, causing severe pain and swelling.

1. Prolapsed Hemorrhoids – Internal hemorrhoids that bulge out of the anus and may require medical attention.

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Causes

Piles develop due to increased pressure on the veins in the rectal area. Common causes include:

• Chronic constipation or diarrhea – Straining during bowel movements.

• Low-fiber diet – Leads to hard stools.

• Prolonged sitting – Especially on the toilet.

• Pregnancy – Increased pressure in the pelvic region.

• Obesity – Excess weight puts strain on rectal veins.

• Aging – Weakening of rectal tissues over time.

• Heavy lifting – Puts pressure on the abdomen and rectum.

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Symptoms

• Pain or discomfort around the anus.

• Itching or irritation in the anal area.

• Bright red bleeding (especially during bowel movements).

• Swelling or lumps near the anus.

• Mucus discharge after passing stool.

• A feeling of incomplete bowel emptying.

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Diagnosis

• Physical examination (for external piles).

• Digital rectal exam (doctor inserts a gloved finger to check for internal piles).

• Anoscopy or sigmoidoscopy (a small camera is used to examine internal hemorrhoids).

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Treatment

1. Home Remedies & Lifestyle Changes

• High-fiber diet – Eat fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to soften stools.

• Drink plenty of water – Prevents constipation.

• Avoid straining – Do not push too hard while passing stools.

• Warm sitz baths – Soaking in warm water for 15-20 minutes can relieve pain.

• Ice packs – Reduce swelling and discomfort.

• Avoid prolonged sitting – Take breaks and move around.

2. Medications

• Over-the-counter creams & ointments (e.g., hydrocortisone, lidocaine) – Relieve pain and itching.

• Stool softeners – Help with easier bowel movements.

• Pain relievers (ibuprofen, acetaminophen) – Reduce discomfort.

3. Medical Procedures (for severe cases)

• Rubber band ligation – A small band is placed around the hemorrhoid to cut off blood supply.

• Sclerotherapy – A chemical injection shrinks the hemorrhoid.

• Coagulation therapy – Heat or laser treatment to shrink piles.

• Surgery (Hemorrhoidectomy) – Removal of large or persistent hemorrhoids.

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Prevention Tips

• Eat more fiber to prevent constipation.

• Stay hydrated to keep stools soft.

• Exercise regularly to improve digestion.

• Avoid prolonged sitting on the toilet.

• Go to the toilet when you feel the urge—don’t delay.

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Piles are treatable and preventable with proper care. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a doctor.

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