Tonsillitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils, the two oval-shaped lymphoid tissues at the back of the throat. It is often caused by viral or bacterial infections and is common in children, but adults can also get it.

Causes of Tonsillitis

🔹 Viral infections (most common) – Rhinovirus, influenza, Epstein-Barr (mononucleosis), adenovirus

🔹 Bacterial infections – Group A Streptococcus (Strep throat), Staphylococcus

🔹 Frequent exposure to germs – Schools, crowded places

Symptoms of Tonsillitis

Sore throat (often severe)

Red, swollen tonsils (may have white or yellow spots)

Painful swallowing

Fever and chills

Enlarged lymph nodes (swollen glands in the neck)

Bad breath (due to bacteria buildup)

Hoarseness or loss of voice

Ear pain (due to throat inflammation)

Types of Tonsillitis

🔹 Acute Tonsillitis – Symptoms last 7–10 days, usually viral.

🔹 Recurrent Tonsillitis – Multiple infections in a year.

🔹 Chronic Tonsillitis – Long-term inflammation, may lead to tonsil stones (tonsilloliths).

Diagnosis of Tonsillitis

🔹 Physical Examination – Doctor checks throat, lymph nodes.

🔹 Throat Swab Test – To detect strep throat (bacterial cause).

🔹 Blood Test – If mononucleosis (EBV) is suspected.

Treatment for Tonsillitis

1. Viral Tonsillitis (Most Cases) – Home Care

Rest & Hydration – Drink warm fluids, herbal teas.

Saltwater Gargle – Helps soothe the throat.

Pain Relievers – Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or Ibuprofen.

Honey & Lemon Tea – Natural throat soother.

Lozenges or Throat Sprays – To ease irritation.’

2. Bacterial Tonsillitis (Strep Throat) – Antibiotics

• Penicillin or Amoxicillin (first-line treatment).

• Complete the full course to prevent complications.

3. When Is Tonsil Removal (Tonsillectomy) Needed?

🔹 If tonsillitis is chronic or recurrent (5+ times a year).

🔹 If it causes breathing problems (sleep apnea).

🔹 If abscesses (peritonsillar abscess) develop.

Complications of Untreated Tonsillitis

Strep complications – Rheumatic fever, kidney issues.

Peritonsillar Abscess – Painful pus-filled swelling near tonsils.

Breathing difficulties – Due to severe swelling.

Prevention of Tonsillitis

Wash hands frequently to avoid infections.

Avoid sharing utensils with sick individuals.

Boost immunity with a balanced diet & exercise.

Use a humidifier to keep air moist and reduce throat irritation.