Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the bladder, urethra, ureters, or kidneys. It is more common in women but can also affect men.

Causes of UTI

🔹 Bacterial infection – E. coli (most common), from the digestive tract entering the urinary system.

🔹 Poor hygiene – Wiping from back to front can spread bacteria.

🔹 Holding urine for too long – Allows bacteria to multiply.

🔹 Sexual activity – Can introduce bacteria into the urethra.

🔹 Weakened immune system – Diabetes, pregnancy, or chronic illnesses increase risk.

🔹 Dehydration – Not drinking enough water reduces urine flow, allowing bacteria to grow.

🔹 Urinary catheter use – In hospitals or bedridden patients.

Types of UTIs & Symptoms

1. Bladder Infection (Cystitis) – Most Common Type

Frequent urge to urinate

Burning sensation while urinating

Cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine

Lower abdominal pain

2. Urethra Infection (Urethritis)

Burning sensation while urinating

Discharge from the urethra (more common in men)

3. Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis) – More Severe

High fever & chills

Back or side pain

Nausea & vomiting

Blood in urine

Diagnosis of UTI

Urine test (Urinalysis) – Checks for bacteria and white blood cells.

Urine culture – Identifies the exact bacteria causing the infection.

Ultrasound or CT scan – If UTIs are frequent or severe.

Treatment for UTI

1. Medications

Antibiotics – Ciprofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (doctor prescribed).

Pain relievers – Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) for burning sensation relief.

2. Home Remedies & Prevention

Drink plenty of water – Helps flush bacteria out.

Cranberry juice – May prevent bacterial adhesion to the bladder.

Urinate frequently – Don’t hold in urine.

 Wipe from front to back – Prevents bacteria spread.

Wear cotton underwear & loose clothing – Keeps the area dry.

Avoid irritating substances – Perfumed soaps, douches, or bubble baths.

When to See a Doctor?

🔹 If symptoms don’t improve within 2 days.

🔹 If there’s blood in urine or severe pain.

🔹 If you have frequent UTIs (may need further tests).